57 pages 1 hour read

Jerry Spinelli

Crash

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1996

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Symbols & Motifs

Football

Crash seeks the attention and validation he hopes to receive from his parents from the sport of football instead. Football becomes a symbol of the acceptance Crash sorely desires from home but does not receive. Unlike a parent who provides equal parts encouragement and wisdom, football only serves to boost Crash’s arrogance. He is rewarded for his physical prowess and his aggression, which spills over into his life off the field. The sport which rewards Crash a sense of purpose and adoration doesn’t provide the moral compass Crash needs to know when he’s crossing the line.

Football also serves as the lens through which Crash processes his identity. In his moments of insecurity, he bolsters himself with self-encouragement reminiscent like that of his football coaches. When he attempts to dance with Jane, he tries to present himself as an attractive choice for her through his size and the number of touchdowns he scores. Gathering his confidence, he thinks to himself, “On the football field I don’t run around people, I run through them. Life is football […] I was the holder of the single-game touchdown record for Springfield Middle School […] I was Crash Coogan” (83).

Football becomes a way for Crash to explain away his aggression, until he tackles Scooter. Caught up in the adrenaline of a family football game, Crash doesn’t even realize he tackled his grandfather until his father begins to scold him. Once Scooter is hospitalized for a stroke, Crash begins to reflect on his aggression and his arrogance fizzles. While still an athlete, Crash transitions to the running track, but uses his size and speed for good, gifting Scooter, Henry, and Penn with the ability to watch Penn in the Penn Relays.

Achilles tendon

The Achilles tendon is a thick cord that attaches the calf muscles to the heel. The tendon is named for Achilles, a mythological Greek hero whose mother dipped him, as an infant, into the river Styx, which coated him with invulnerability except for the spot where she held him just above the heel. Achilles dies during the Trojan War when his opponent drives an arrow into that weak spot and disables him. Thus, the tendon has become synonymous with a strong person’s weakness.

Crash, as a physically powerful person, is affected when Jane Forbes kicks at his Achilles tendon on the dance floor. This moment pegs both Crash’s bruteness and his inability to form real relationships with people as his personal weakness.

Abby’s Mouse

The mouse that Crash and Mike find in the Coogan family kitchen is a symbol of Crash’s own emotional maturity throughout the novel. Much like how the mouse stowed away in Crash’s bag without Crash knowing, Crash isn’t self-aware and ignores unpleasant feelings. When confronted with his feelings, he takes a nonchalant approach that ignores the deeper issues with his emotionally unavailable parents. Crash immediately rejects the mouse, terrified of its presence and willing to do anything to expel it from the home. He adopts the same approach with any deep emotion, expelling rejection from others and neglect from his parents through the aggression and entitlement he displays at school.

The mouse is forgotten once it is directly out of sight, only to be rediscovered by Mrs. Coogan after Thanksgiving dinner. The mouse existed in limbo until its discovery, much like Crash’s emotional maturity exists in a limbo after Scooter’s arrival to the Coogan home. With Scooter’s appearance, Crash still bullies Penn and accosts Jane Forbes, but his attention is diverted to Scooter’s presence at his football games and practices. The period is one of transition, where Crash begins to realize the effects of his actions. He still perpetrates moments of aggression, but an emotional development is brewing that comes to a head when Crash tackles Scooter and Scooter is landed in the hospital three weeks later.

In contrast, Crash’s little sister welcomes the mouse to the backyard and eventually provides a “Mouse House” in the form of her old dollhouse in the backyard. Unlike Crash, Abby has been quick to acknowledge the mouse and care for it. She invites the intrusion, much like she invites emotional intelligence.

As Crash develops emotional maturity after Scooter is hospitalized, he maintains a watch over the Mouse House. He notes that it is slowly being swallowed by the woods and taken over by the mouse. Abby lays out pizza for it, and Crash gives her advice on how to get the mouse to stick around. Crash develops the idea to gift Penn the Penn Relays spot in honor of Henry and Scooter while he notes his father’s attempt to mow the lawn and Abby’s sabotage. The mouse’s reflection of Crash’s emotional maturity comes full circle when Mr. Coogan fences in the backyard as a compromise to Abby’s wildlife habitat and Mouse House, and Crash details that he has become best friends with Penn Webb.

Scooter’s Stories

Scooter’s stories come to represent the safe space that Crash and Abby long for in their home, but do not receive until their grandfather arrives to live with them. Scooter’s stories allow Abby and Crash to regain their childhood, where before Scooter’s arrival, they were parenting themselves in the wake of their parents’ long work hours. Scooter begins imaginative speech before the stories even begin, allowing the siblings a chance to become kids again, using their imaginations to see Scooter’s guest room walls as bulkheads. Crash explains Scooter’s Navy background as he relabels ordinary parts of his home in a way that revives his childlike wonder, thinking, “A bulkhead is a wall, a door is a hatch, the kitchen is the gally, the dining room is the mess, a stairway is a ladder […] It was the guest room, actually, but when we turned on the light and walked in, I had the warmest feeling, knowing he’d be there for good” (71).

Scooter’s stories allow for Crash and Abby a chance to escape their reality into a dream world where their grandfather sets the rules to align with their personalities. Crash idolizes Scooter as he tells stories of adventures through swamplands, deserts, and jungles. The way Scooter tells his stories allows Abby and Crash to drop their defenses, and where they can feel safe to speak about anything. Crash explains this safety as Abby begins to say something during the story times, thinking, “I knew what was happening. We both grew up thinking Scooter’s bed was the safest place in the world, like a boat in a sea full of crocs […] It was a place where you could say things out loud that you might only think anywhere else” (74-75).

Once Scooter experiences his stroke, the role swap that comes for children and their parents is seen between Crash, Abby, and their grandfather. Scooter’s stroke lands Crash in dark place of self-doubt, anger, and fear. His grandfather is only able to say one word and Crash and Abby take on the role of storytellers instead of listeners once Scooter returns home. They become the caregivers for their recuperating grandfather, returning the safe space they were given by echoing stories back to Scooter. Crash recognizes this change as he notices, “Before, it was like Scooter was captain and we were the mates. Now it’s turned around. We’re the captains. You don’t feel so safe being captain” (147). While Crash is shaken by his new role in the relationship, he takes on the storytelling responsibility with gratitude for what Scooter has given him, reviving the safety he felt when Scooter first arrived.