63 pages 2 hours read

Américo Paredes

George Washington Gómez: A Mexicotexan Novel

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1990

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Part 4, Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 4: “La Chilla”

Part 4, Chapter 1 Summary

After the incident at the cantina, the lines between the Anglos and Mexicotexans in Guálinto’s class accentuate. María Elena and Guálinto are no longer together, and his grades begin to slide due to his pining for her.

Guálinto visits the local WOW social club, an integrated billiards hall where Mexicotexan and Anglo patrons get along quite well. El Colorado, who dropped out of school years prior, is the bouncer, and they spend their afternoons together listening to the old men tell stories.

Guálinto receives news that his uncle needs him, and he walks home with his friends. He expresses doubts about continuing on to college, though his friends insist that he must and encourage him to choose a concentration soon.

Part 4, Chapter 2 Summary

Feliciano meets Guálinto at home and informs him that Judge Norris’s bank, the Jonesville National, which managed most of the money and mortgage for El Danubio Azul, has collapsed. A crooked clerk named E.C. Carlton had been embezzling funds from the bank and playing the stock Fmarket, losing everything in the crash. As a result, Feliciano has lost El Danubio Azul.

He asks Guálinto to help him empty the store of its goods, as he still owns them and might be able to sell them separately. On the way, Guálinto insists that he wishes to quit school to help his uncle and keep the family afloat. Feliciano refuses, assuring Guálinto that he has saved enough money outside of the bank to fund his college education, and that he must continue to work towards getting a degree and helping his people as his father wished. Feliciano eventually concedes that if Guálinto can find a part-time after-school job, he may take it.

Part 4, Chapter 3 Summary

The Depression continues to worsen. The Mexicotexans call it “La Chilla,” Spanish for “The Squeal.” Images of the conditions farther north reach Jonesville, including bread lines and mass migrations. The Mexicotexans are unimpressed, as their struggle was far worse long before the onset of the Depression.

When the Depression does hit Jonesville, the Mexicotexans are left out of the relief efforts. Job offers are opened solely to white workers, and the government offers very little support to Mexicans. No bread lines appear, as the government doesn’t supply any. Part-time jobs are even harder to come by, and Guálinto is incredibly lucky when he lands work handing out circulars outside Don Pancho’s store for 50 cents per day. It soon becomes commonplace for Mexicotexans who have come across hard times and are questioned by their peers regarding what drove them to such dire straits to simply answer: “La Chilla.”

Part 4, Chapter 4 Summary

Due to his schedule at Don Pancho’s store, Guálinto is forced to miss Friday classes, and he finds it more difficult to keep up in school. María Elena reconnects with him, but only to continue cheating off him on tests. When it becomes apparent that his grades are no longer the best in the class, she breaks up with him again.

Guálinto’s heartache returns, he no longer finds school rewarding, and discusses romance with his coworkers at Don Pancho’s store. One of them, Higinio Alvarado, known as La Gata, has trouble believing that the poor Guálinto could successfully win over or maintain a relationship with the daughter of Don Onofre Osuna, but still commends him for pursuing a woman of wealth.

Part 4, Chapters 1-4 Analysis

These four chapters serve primarily to illustrate the discordant experiences of the Depression between the white and Tejano residents of Jonesville. When the Tejanos get word of the situation experienced by white people in the north, they are more envious of the assistance they receive than affected by their struggle:

The Mexican laborer, who had subsisted on tortillas most of his life, wondered how people who could afford biscuits and bacon could be poor. He heard how people in the big cities were lining up to receive free soup and bread because of the Depression, and he would joke with his friends, ‘I wish what they call the Depression would come down here so we could get some of that’ (195).

The tendency amongst the Tejanos to simplify the naming of their own experiences simply as “La Chilla” is also significant. The way the answer is given, knowingly, like a wink, invokes between individuals a recognition of their shared struggle. Also, by calling the Depression a name of their own choosing, rather than the one popularized in white-run newspapers and mass media, acknowledges that what the white citizens consider hardship and what the Tejanos experience are separate and unequal forms of struggle.

Feliciano and Guálinto teaming up in Chapter 2 is also a significant moment in their relationship. While Feliciano has become ensnared in the same economic chaos as everyone else, he once again displays his business savvy and adaptability by saving the goods from El Danubio Azul so he can continue selling them from his home. Guálinto, recognizing what he sees as his duty to aid the family however he can, begs his uncle to allow him to drop out of school and go to work. Feliciano refuses, still insisting that Guálinto work to fulfill Gumersindo’s dream of him becoming educated so he can help his people.

While Feliciano’s choice and motivation in this matter may be understandable, it also serves as a rejection of what Guálinto sees as his fitness as an adult with agency. By forcing Guálinto to remain in school, Feliciano essentially confirms that he sees his nephew as deserving of little more independence or freedom of choice than he did as a child. He also doubles down on the unrealistic expectations he has placed on Guálinto’s shoulders by forcing Gumersindo’s dream on him, only now Guálinto has an even harder hill to climb with the onset of La Chilla. Although Feliciano confirms that Guálinto can work if he is able to also stay in school, the rare luck Guálinto comes across when he does find a job turns out to be a double-edged sword. He is able to supplement the family’s income at Don Pancho’s store, but his wages amount to hardly a pittance, and he is still forced to miss class, and his grades suffer. This subsequently leads to his final breakup with María Elena and a turn in his personality towards melancholy.